Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion Predict Adverse Cardiovascular Events

Heart attack is one of several cardiovascular diseases.

There’s a reason I take a magnesium supplement daily…

“In an observational study, lowest CV (cardiovascular) risk occurred with moderate sodium intake and high potassium intake.

The WHO recommends restricting sodium intake (to 3.5 g daily). However, prior research has shown a J-shaped association between sodium intake and cardiovascular (CV) disease. In this international cohort study, researchers evaluated the combined association of sodium and potassium excretion (as surrogate measures of intake) on major adverse CV events (i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) and death.

More than 100,000 people in 18 countries provided morning fasting urine samples for estimation of 24-hour excretion of sodium and potassium. Median sodium and potassium excretions were 4.9 g and 2.1 g daily. After a mean 8.2 years, 6% of participants had experienced major adverse CV events or died. A J-shaped association between sodium excretion and adverse CV events and death was observed (risk nadir was at sodium excretion of 3–5 g daily). Lowest risk occurred in participants with moderate sodium excretion (3–5 g daily) and high potassium excretion (≥2.1 g daily). Compared with this combination, all other combinations were associated with higher risk, including lower sodium and higher potassium excretion. Higher potassium excretion significantly attenuated risk associated with higher sodium excretion.”

Source: Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion Predict Adverse Cardiovascular Events

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