diaTribe Presents Expert Advice On Pregnancy and Diabetes From Dr. Lois Jovanovič 

Diabetes types 1 and 2 along with gestational diabetes are addressed in this diaTribe interview. For example:

“According to Dr. Jovanovič, it is important to make sure family members understand the importance of reducing carb intake for blood sugar management during pregnancy. She said that grandmas in particular “often think a pregnant lady needs to eat all the time and not only eat all the time, but eat tortillas and rice and pasta. The grandma often cooks and thickens food with starch, puts a lot of noodles in it, etc. Then of course the young woman doesn’t want to disappoint her grandma, and it can be a difficult situation.” Clear communication can help a supportive family provide medically sound support, in line with the mutually desired outcome – a healthy mom and baby!”

Source: Diabetes and Pregnancy: Expert Advice from Pregnancy Guru Dr. Lois Jovanovič | diaTribe

Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans 

Gotcha!

Gotcha!

Catherine Zink and Daniel Lieberman have a research paper you science nerds might be interested in. A teaser:

“Yet Homo erectus differs from earlier hominins in having relatively smaller teeth, reduced chewing muscles, weaker maximum bite force capabilities, and a relatively smaller gut. This paradoxical combination of increased energy demands along with decreased masticatory and digestive capacities is hypothesized to have been made possible by adding meat to the diet, by mechanically processing food using stone tools, or by cooking. Cooking, however, was apparently uncommon until 500,000 years ago.

Source: Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans : Nature : Nature Publishing Group

How to Pick a Church

Nativity Scene

I know most of you paleo dieters are godless heathens. But not all of you…

Let’s say you’re not happy with the ideology of your current church or you quit going to church years ago and are thinking about returning. Do you want a liberal or a conservative church? How would you find a church where you fit in?

One starting point would be to review a neat graphic put together by Tobin Grant. (Sorry, non-Americans, this is mostly about American churches. But there are data points for atheists and agnostics, too.)

Based on surveys of churchgoers, Mr. Grant classifies churches by where they stand on size of government and “protection of morality.” I’m not saying this is the best way to choose a church; it’s one way to get started.

Happy hunting!

Steve Parker, M.D.

Paleolithic Diet Beat Standard Healthy Diet in Overweight Australian Women

She doesn't need to lose weight

She doesn’t need to lose weight

By “beat the other diet,” I mean it in terms of weight loss. Over four weeks, the paleo dieters lost an extra 2 kg (4.4 lb) compared to the other group. Click the link at bottom for full text of the study. Here’s the abstract:

Background: The Paleolithic diet is popular in Australia, however, limited literature surrounds the dietary pattern. Our primary aim was to compare the Paleolithic diet with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, with a secondary aim to examine the macro and micronutrient composition of both dietary patterns.

Methods: 39 healthy women (mean ± SD age 47 ± 13 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomised to either the Paleolithic (n = 22) or AGHE diet (n = 17) for four weeks. Three-day weighed food records, body composition and biochemistry data were collected pre and post intervention.

Results: Significantly greater weight loss occurred in the Paleolithic group (−1.99 kg, 95% CI −2.9, −1.0), p < 0.001). There were no differences in cardiovascular and metabolic markers between groups. The Paleolithic group had lower intakes of carbohydrate (−14.63% of energy (E), 95% CI −19.5, −9.7), sodium (−1055 mg/day, 95% CI −1593, −518), calcium (−292 mg/day 95% CI −486.0, −99.0) and iodine (−47.9 μg/day, 95% CI −79.2, −16.5) and higher intakes of fat (9.39% of E, 95% CI 3.7, 15.1) and β-carotene (6777 μg/day 95% CI 2144, 11410) (all p < 0.01).

Conclusions: The Paleolithic diet induced greater changes in body composition over the short-term intervention, however, larger studies are recommended to assess the impact of the Paleolithic vs. AGHE diets on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy populations.

Source: Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Cardiovascular, Metabolic Effects and Dietary Composition of Ad-Libitum Paleolithic vs. Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets: A 4-Week Randomised Trial | HTML

Dr. Guyenet Asks: Do Blood Glucose Levels Affect Hunger and Satiety?

From the Whole Health Source blog:

“You’ve heard the story before: when you eat carbohydrate-rich foods that digest quickly, it sends your blood sugar and insulin levels soaring, then your blood sugar level comes crashing back down and you feel hungry and cranky.  You reach for more carbohydrate, perpetuating the cycle of crashes, overeating, and fat gain.

It sounds pretty reasonable– in fact, so reasonable that it’s commonly stated as fact in popular media and in casual conversation.  This idea is so deeply ingrained in the popular psyche that people often say “I have low blood sugar” instead of “I’m hungry” or “I’m tired”.  But this hypothesis has a big problem: despite extensive research, it hasn’t been clearly supported.  I’ve written about this issue before.

A new study offers a straightforward test of the hypothesis, and once again finds it lacking.”

Source: Whole Health Source: Do Blood Glucose Levels Affect Hunger and Satiety?

The study at hand involved 15 healthy young men. Results may not apply to overweight post-menopausal women with T2 diabetes, but I bet they do.

Steve Parker, M.D.

Jamie Scott On the New Zealand Heart Foundation Paleo Diet Trial

shutterstock_268538780

Good thing she had a spear with her

“Do not adjust your set. And no, it isn’t April 1st.  The New Zealand Heart Foundation dietitians and nutritionists are giving Paleo a go.

It what sees me channeling the ghost of That Paleo Guy, I feel compelled to write a bit of a critique about their experiment, and their assumptions and starting points.  But to be clear before anything else, I do applaud the openness of the Heart Foundation to be giving this a go.

My first post to this blog outlined my reasons for largely divorcing myself from the term “Paleo” as a heuristic for how to navigate the very messy and confusing food environments we are faced with in our modern societies.  Subsequent posts have touched on why the paradigm made sense in the first place, and on some of the things we have taken issue with as the concept has grown in the public consciousness.”

Read the whole thing.

In Diabetics, Paleo Diet Plus Supervised Exercise Sessions Preserves Muscle Mass While Losing Fat Weight

Here’s the study abstract:

BACKGROUND: Means to reduce future risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes are urgently needed.

METHODS:Thirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (age 59 ± 8 years) followed a Paleolithic diet for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to either standard care exercise recommendations (PD) or 1-h supervised exercise sessions (aerobic exercise and resistance training) three times per week (PD-EX).

RESULTS:For the within group analyses, fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg (IQR: -6.6, -4.1; p < 0.001) in the PD group and by 6.7 kg (-8.2, -5.3; p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improved by 45% in the PD (p < 0.001) and PD-EX (p < 0.001) groups. HbA1c decreased by 0.9% (-1.2, -0.6; p < 0.001) in the PD group and 1.1% (-1.7, -0.7; p < 0.01) in the PD-EX group. Leptin decreased by 62% (p < 0.001) in the PD group and 42% (p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased by 0.2 L/min (0.0, 0.3) in the PD-EX group, and remained unchanged in the PD group (p < 0.01 for the difference between intervention groups). Male participants decreased lean mass by 2.6 kg (-3.6, -1.3) in the PD group and by 1.2 kg (-1.3, 1.0) in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between intervention groups).

CONCLUSIONS:A Paleolithic diet improves fat mass and metabolic balance including insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Supervised exercise training may not enhance the effects on these outcomes, but preserves lean mass in men and increases cardiovascular fitness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Study authors include J. Otten and M. Ryberg.

Source: Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled… – PubMed – NCBI

Who’s Buried in Grant’s Tomb?

Thomas Twining started selling tea in London in 1706. His eponymous company has been doing it for 300 years, then. You’d think they know tea if anyone does. Here’s Twinings Green Tea:

Not to me

Green? Brown?  Golden brown? Tea-colored? Flax? Tannin? Purple? Polka-dotted?

Does that look green to you? I guess they specialize in black tea (which I bet isn’t black after brewing).

My quest for green “green tea” continues. I already found one: Kirkland Ito En Matcha Blend Japanese Green Tea from Amazon.

Steve Parker, M.D.

PS: If you don’t like green, you’ll find none of it inside my books.

PPS: The remains of Ulysses S. Grant and his wife are in a mausoleum referred to as Grant’s tomb. They are above ground, so technically they aren’t buried.

Bix Sez: We’ve Known For Decades That Low-Fat Diets Can Reverse Diabetes

“So, we’ve known for at least 30 years, 60 years by the looks of that 1955 Lancet study, that low-fat diets could arrest the symptoms of diabetes or prevent the disease altogether.

Robbins’ “Diet For A New America” was a popular lay-person’s book (1st edition sold over a million copies), not a medical tome. It was in the social realm. Why isn’t its low-fat advice common knowledge? I’ll tell you … It’s for reasons that induce stores like Natural Grocers to ban Dr. Greger’s plant-based book. It’s because having people eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet would hurt sales of animal food: beef, pork, chicken, fish, eggs, and all manner of dairy food – cheese, yogurt, milk, butter, cream. That’s why. And you know how the meat and dairy industries keep a lid on the science that could really help people? They come out with their own studies, often meta-analyses which go back in time and cherry pick studies that defend their position.”

Source: We’ve Known For Decades That Low-Fat Diets Can Reverse Diabetes | Fanatic Cook

One of the references Robbins uses to support his contention is a 1979 article in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It’s a study of 20 men, all of whom were on insulin for what I assume is type 2 diabetes. What’s odd is that the men were all “lean.” In real life, at least 85% of type 2 diabetics are overweight or obese. Not lean. Nevertheless, many of the men were able to stop insulin on the low-fat/high fiber diet. But these weren’t typical T2 diabetics.

Is Global Warming Causing the Diabetes Epidemic?

You’ll want to keep reading if you have diabetes and are sedentary and overweight or obese, because odds are good that you have insulin resistance. Insulin resistance makes it harder to control your blood sugars.

I thought I knew a lot about diabetes, but I’m still learning from P.D. Mangan:

“It looks like we can add cold exposure to the list of interventions that increase insulin sensitivity.

Type 2 diabetes is positively associated with ambient temperature. The warmer the weather, the more diabetes. Up to about 30% of the variation in diabetes can be explained by  temperature.

Curiously, no effect of temperature was seen on obesity, although other studies have found that there is one.

The authors believe that activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may contribute to this effect. BAT is a type of fat tissue that increases its metabolism for the sole purpose of generating body heat.

Cold thermogenesis has many health benefits, although helping you to lose weight probably isn’t one of them, for the same reason that aerobic exercise is not very effective for weight loss.

The connection between cold exposure and insulin sensitivity isn’t just an association either: acclimation to the cold causes a substantial increase in insulin sensitivity.

Eight people with type 2 diabetes were exposed to cold temperatures, 14 to 15 C (57 to 59 F) for 6 hours a day for 10 days. Insulin sensitivity increased 43%.”

Source: Cold Exposure Increases Insulin Sensitivity – Rogue Health and Fitness